Basic Principles of Aromatherapy
Synthetic oils vs Natural oils
Aromatherapy vs "normal" medicine
Aromatherapy explained
Methods for use
Contraindications
Common Essential Oils
Uses (How to use the Essential oils for different problems)

Essential oils are obtained by 2 main methods:

1). Expression (also called pressing) ie.  cold pressed lemon oil.
2). Distillation, either steam, water or dry.

For oils such as Camphor it is processed three times to produce the three types of oil.  The first produces Brown Camphor, the second Yellow Camphor and the third White Camphor.

The other methods for extraction are:

1). Solvent.  This produces a 'Concrete', a 'Resinoid' and an 'Absolute'.
2). Enfleurage or Pomade.  This method for producing Essential oils is not used much any more, as it is an expensive and time consuming process.

A Concrete is obtained through the use of a hydrocarbon solvent to extract the Essential oil from the plant matter.  This is used for the Essential oils such as Rose, Jasmine and Ylang Ylang.  The Ylang Ylang concrete is approx 80% Essential oil and 20% wax.  Jasmine is approx 50% Essential oil and 50% wax.  A second extraction may also be performed to the plant matter using alcohol which produces an Absolute such as Neroli.

A  Resinoid is obtained by the same method, but it is produced from resin based plants such as Amber and Frankincense.

A Pomade was obtained by the use of layers of fat onto which the petals of plants such as Tuberose and Jasmine were laid out and left to dry.  The fat collected the Essential oils which were later extracted.  This process has now been replaced by solvent extraction.

Essential oils are found in very small quantities in many plants. For example:     for every 100 kg of plant matter the following plants produce these amounts of oil:

Eucalyptus   -  3kg
Lavender      -   1.9kg
Ylang Ylang -  1.6-2kg
Juniper         -   1/2-1.2kg
Rose            -    0.05kg

As you can see it takes a lot of plants to make a small amount of Essential oil.

Plants from different areas/countries can be more expensive (lower % of oil per plant) or cheaper (higher % of oil per plant).
 

Essential oils are categorized by       a). Their plant type ie. Citrus
                                                                b).  By their Note. ie.  Base note

The plant types are:  Citrus, floral, herb, spice, wood and resin.  Although the oils can blend with any other oils, they blend better with oils of their own group, or with an oil of a similar group.  ie. Lemon ( citrus) & Lavender ( floral) and  Cedarwood ( wood) & Patchouli ( herb).

The note types are:   Top, Middle and Base.  Top note oils such as Neroli and Lemon evaporate and lose their aroma quickly when left open.  A top note oil will last approx 1 week if left opened.  A middle note oil such as Lavender and Geranium is slightly more stable and will evaporate and lose its aroma approx 2-3 weeks when left opened.  Base note oils are the heavy oils such as Sandalwood and Patchouli which will evaporate much more slowly, taking about a month.

When you smell a blended oil you can usually pick which oils are the top, middle and base oils as the first one you notice will be a top note.  The next scent you notice will be from the middle notes and the heavy, lingering scent will belong to the base note.  In this way you can tell which oil is which note.

A good blend will contain at least one of each note, to add a layered effect to the blend.

Most of you will have seen cheap bottles of 'fragrant' oils or bottles of  'blended Essential oils'  as well as bottles of 'Pure Essential oils'.  Each one has it's own uses.

FRAGRANT OILS:  These are the synthetic oils. 
Scientists have been able to reproduce about 90% of the natural occurring Essential oil.  This is what a fragrant oil is.  It is the remaining 10% of the natural Essential oil that
holds the therapeutic content of the oil, and that 10% is what distinguishes the two. 

Fragrant oils have NO therapeutic content, they smell nice (sometimes better than the Essential oils!) but that is all that they should be used for.  They work well in oil burners, in baths, in pot pourri, as a perfume and various other uses, but will have no healing effect other than to smell nice.

BLENDED ESSENTIAL OILS:   These are made from Pure Essential oils, but have been diluted with a 'Carrier oil', usually Sweet Almond, jojoba, Safflower or Apricot Kernel.
These oils are blended because Essential oils are too strong to apply directly to the skin, they must be diluted first.  The Blended oil has been diluted so it is safe to apply directly onto the skin. These have therapeutic qualities, which are usually printed on the label.
They may also be blended to make them cheaper, such as Rose, Neroli, Jasmine, Chamomile and Ylang Ylang

PURE ESSENTIAL OILS:   These are the Essential oils in their 100% pure state. 
These oils should NEVER be applied straight onto the skin, and many Essential oils will have safety data printed onto the label if they have any harmful effects. (there are a few exceptions to the "never put oils directly on the skin" rule... which I will go into later) When purchasing an Essential oil there are 4 ways to help tell if you are buying the pure oil:

1).  Look for the words "100%"  and "Pure Essential oil".  This is only a guide as many brands of fragrant oil have 100% pure written on them, and some brands of Essential oils ( such as the brand I use ) don't have 100% pure on the label.  There are also sneaky people who use the "100% Pure Essential Oil" as their brand name....( and if the word 'fragrant' appears anywhere, chances are it isn't an Essential oil.)

2).  Smell the oils, Pure Essential oils smell like the plant it comes from. If the scent is slightly fake, very sweet or in the case of Rose really strong, it is more likely to be a fragrant oil.

3).  Look at the price,  Pure Essential oils are expensive, due to the quantity of plants needed to produce the oil ( for eg. it takes approx 15 roses to make 1 drop of Rose oil.)  Each oil should have a different price, as some are cheaper to produce than others. As a general rule... if they are under $5 (Australian money... not sure of the prices in other countries) they are probably either blended or a fragrant oil.

4).  There are no Essential oils of Strawberry, Dewberry, Rainforest or Nanna's Garden.  If something like these is packaged the same and on the same stand, then chances are all the oils are synthetic oils.

This is a guide only... but it helps to work out which ones are "fake" and which ones are "real".  The store keeper may not know the difference, as they buy products from a distributor, and many haven't a clue what they are... they just know they sell well :)

Many people take Aspirin for headaches although many tests have proven that  Aspirin can cause stomach upsets, thin the blood, cause liver damage and contribute to anaemia. Yet people take many of these a day to relieve headaches, and think they are safe.

Antibiotics are used for infections because they kill bacteria.  However there are good bacteria living in our bodies, without which our bodies can not work efficiently.  Antibiotics kill off all bacteria, and many people suffer from thrush and other illnesses as a result.  The other concern with antibiotics is that each time they are used, the body builds up a resistance to them, much the same way our bodies build up a resistance to the Smallpox or Measles virus when we are vaccinated.  Stronger doses of antibiotics are then needed to fight the infections, and the circle continues.

Aromatherapy works on the wholistic approach.  It treats the whole body at the one time.  Aromatherapy has no negative side effects when used properly, and is non- addictive.

People think of Aromatherapy as being smell therapy, but this isn't the case.  The essential oils can used in many different methods, I will be explaining those later... but the reason people think of them as being smell therapy, is that the blood vessels in your nose are very close the the surface of your skin....so the molecules of "healing goodness" can be absorbed into the body quickly (and they do smell nice...well....some of them!)

the healing effects can also pass through the skin anywhere on your body, and enter the blood stream, where they work on the troubled areas of the body.

Essential oils, unlike prescription drugs, work only on those areas that are "broken"  ie. they do not go into healthy tissues, and start working there... they travel around your body, and look for the illnesses, and target them, leaving the rest of your body alone.  It is because of this, that if you run lavender oil into your fingertip, it will help your infected toe...even though the oil never touches the actual toe. (and your headache, and cut finger!!!).

INHALATION:

 1).  Straight from the bottle - Headache, memory booster, nausea etc.
 2). Oil burner - Kill airborne bacteria (prevents colds spreading to others),  insomnia, stress etc.  Put 3-5 drops in a water filled well of the oil burner, and replace as needed.  NEVER burn Essential oils without water... it damages them
 3).  Drops on a tissue (carry with you or place under pillow etc.) - colds, coughs,  migraine etc. 1-2 drops on a tissue will be ample
 4).  Drops in sink/bowl of hot water - colds, respiratory infection, catarrh (runny  nose) etc. stick your head over the sink/bowl, with eyes closed and inhale the  vapour.  No more than 5 drops to half a sink full of water (which is all you need)

BATH:

 1). Hot/warm bath - colds, muscle cramp, stiffness etc.  10 drops Maximum
 2). Cold bath - Fever.  10 drops Maximum
 3).  Foot bath - Athlete's foot, blisters, aching feet etc.  Use a bucket or bowl big  enough to comfortably put your feet in. 5 drops Maximum
4). Shallow bath - Thrush, Piles etc.  a bath deep enough to cover the problem  area.  5  drops maximum

{If using peppermint oil, you may want to use only half the recommend drops.... as my Aromatherapy teacher said "It runs amok amongst your genitals"  it has a cooling effect that you may not wish to have touching sensitive areas!!!}

You will need to swish the water around.  There is a product called  Solubalizer that may be useful.  It makes the oil dissolve in water, although the same effect can be to mix the oil with isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) or vodka, which will make it water soluble.  5 drops to 1tsp alcohol.  {I have also heard that the same effect can be achieved with milk, but I am not sure...}
 

MASSAGE:

 1). Massage diluted oil onto effected area - varicose veins, strains, constipation  Muscle aches etc.
 2). Massage diluted oil all over body - Stress, insomnia, anxiety etc.

Both, use a 3% dilution for normal skin, 1% for face or sensitive skin (explained further below)

INTERNALLY:
Most Essential oils are toxic and should NEVER be taken internally.  It is safest to assume that ALL Essential oils are toxic and therefore none should be taken internally. 

Many Aromatherapy books suggest  a mouth wash or a gargle for gum problems or throat infections, however it is dangerous and other methods work just as well.  There are many different species of the same oil, for example Birch  has 2 varieties, white and sweet.  White birch is non-toxic, but sweet birch is fatally toxic.  I would not use ANY Essential oils internally, especially in their pure state,  as there are many other methods of application which are much safer.

{as I was saying in a previous section, even rubbing an oil on your toe will help a sore throat, so it isn't worth ingesting something that is potentially harmful, although I have gargled with 2 drops Bergamot oil mixed with a cup of warm water}

DIRECTLY TO THE SKIN:

There are only four Essential oils which may safely be applied directly onto the skin an all should have a patch test done first.  All essential oils are acidic, have you ever seen what they do to plastic?

Place a drop of the oil onto the back of your wrist, cover with a Band-Aid and leave for 1 hour.  If no irritation has occurred you may use it.  If irritation does occur, bathe the area in cool water and dilute the oil with a carrier oil.  Only the four Essential oils listed below may be applied to skin directly, and only onto an effected area  ie. a cut or burn.  DO NOT use as a massage oil, or slather it all over your skin:
Lavender,  Sandalwood,  Tea tree  and some say Lemon, ylang ylang or  Chamomile.

There is no need to apply any essential oil directly onto the skin, an essential oil blended 3% into a carrier oil will have exactly the same healing properties as a full strength oil... so not only do you run the risk of burning the skin by applying them neat, you are also wasting oil :)  -- Scrooge McObsidian here :)

COMPRESS:

 1). Drops of oil in cold water for cold compress - fever, swelling etc.
 2). Drops of oil in hot water for hot compress - Headache,  period pain etc.

To make a compress, half fill a bowl or sink of either hot or cold water, and add 3-5 drops of essential oil.... soak the cloth in this water for a few moments, wring out, and apply to the effected area.

PERFUME:

 1).  Use same dilution as massage oil, use a carrier oil of Apricot kernel or other  light oil.  Dab behind ears, wrists etc.

SKIN / HAIR TONIC:

 1).  Use this when an oil is not suitable, for example on an oily scalp, or to dry out  a cut.  use 5 drops essential oil into a teaspoon of Isopropyl alcohol (rubbing  alcohol) or vodka

Dilutions:

Babies  0-12 months   - 1 drop of Rose or Lavender or chamomile in 1 teaspoon  of carrier oil, or in a bath.
Infants   1-5 years         - 2-3 drops of Rose, Lavender, Chamomile, Sandalwood, Tangerine, Ylang Ylang or 
                                             Neroli in 1 teaspoon of carrier  oil or in a bath.
Children 6-12 years      -Use as for adults, but half the concentration.
 

3% dilution
For 100 mls of carrier oil use 60  drops of Essential oil.
For 25 mls of carrier oil use 15 drops of Essential oil.
For 5 mls of carrier oil ( 1 teaspoon) use 3 drops of Essential oil.

1% dilution
For 100 mls of carrier oil use 20 drops of Essential oil.
For 25 mls of carrier oil use 5 drops of Essential oil.
For 5 mls of carrier oil (1 tsp) use 1 drop of Essential oil.

For normal use do not exceed 3% Essential oil dilution.
For use on face or other sensitive skin use a 1% Essential oil dilution.

Pregnancy - use half the dilution and none of the contraindicated oils.

Aromatherapy oils are concentrated and should not be applied to the skin or taken internally.  There are also other times when Essential oils should be treated with caution or not be used at all, these are called Contraindications.  The following is a list of the contraindications for the various Essential oils.

OILS NOT TO BE USED AT ALL! - These oils are dangerous for anyone except a qualified Aromatherapist to use. They are either extremely toxic or cause severe skin irritation even in a diluted state. These oils are:
Bitter Almond, Arnica, Boldo, Broom, Buchu, Calamus,Camphor(brown & Yellow), Cassia, Chervil,  Cinnamon(bark), Costus, Deertongue, Elecampane, Fennel(bitter), Horseradish, Jaborandi,  Melilotus, Mugwort, Mustard, Oregano, Pennyroyal, Pine(dwarf), Rue, Sage(common), Santolina,  Sassafras, Savine, Savory, Tansy, Thuja, Thyme(red), Tonka, Wintergreen, Wormseed and Wormwood.

OILS THAT  SHOULD BE USED IN SMALL DOSES FOR NO LONGER THAN 2  WEEKS. - These oils are fairly toxic or may have side effects such as nausea, vomiting and headaches and should be used with extreme caution:
Ajowan, Anise star, Aniseed, Basil(exotic), Bay laurel, Bay(west indian) Calamintha, Camphor(white), Cascarrilla bark, Cassie, Cedarwood(virginian), Cinnamon(leaf & bark), Clove(bud),  Coriander, Eucalyptus, Fennel(sweet), Hops, Hyssop, Juniper, Nutmeg, Parsley, Pepper(black),  Pine, Sage(spanish), Tagetes, Tarragon, Thyme(white), Tuberose, Tumeric, Turpentine and Valerian.

OILS THAT IRRITATE THE SKIN IF USED IN HIGH CONCENTRATION.  - These oils should be used in half the reccomended dilution, and no more than 3 drops in a bath. These oils are: 
Ajowan, Allspice, Aniseed, Basil(sweet)  Black pepper, Borneol, Cajeput, Caraway, Cedarwood(Virginian),  Cinnamon(leaf), Clove(bud),  Cornmint, Eucalyptus,  Garlic,  Ginger,  Lemon,  Parsley, peppermint, Pine(needle, Scotch & Longleaf), Thyme(white) and Tumeric.

OILS THAT CAUSE IRRITATION ON SENSITIVE SKIN. - These oils may cause eczema or dermatitis with people who have very sensitive skin. ( For people with senstive skin always test the oil on the back of your wrist, and leave for an hour. If irritation occurs bathe area with cold water and try a weaker concentration.) These oils are:
Aniseed, Basil(french), Bay laurel, Benzoin, Bergamot, Cade, Cajeput, Cananga, cedarwood (virginian), Chamomile(Roman and German), Citronella, Garlic, Geranium, Ginger, Hops,  Jasmine,  Lemon, Lemongrass, Lemon balm(Melissa), Litsea cubeba, Loveage, Mastic, Mint(pepper & spear), Orange, Peru balsam, Pine(scotch & longleaf), Styrax, Tea tree, Thyme(white), Tolu balsam,  Tumeric, Turpentine, Valerian, Vanilla, Verbena, Violet, Yarrow and Ylang Ylang.

OILS THAT ARE PHOTOTOXIC. - These are oils which can cause the skin to darken if exposed to direct sunlight.  Do not use these oils at all if the area will be exposed to sunlight.  These oils are:
Angelica root, Bergamot, Cumin, Ginger, Lemon, Lime, Loveage, Mandarin, Orange and Verbena.

OILS THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED DURING PREGNANCY. - Due to the effects of these oils on the reproductive organs, and the sensitivity of the foetus, certain oils should not be used at all during pregnancy. These oils are:
Ajowan,Anjelica, Anise star, Aniseed, Basil, Bay laurel, Calamintha, Cedarwood(all types),  Celery seed, Cinnamon(leaf), Citronella, Clary sage, Clove, Cumin, Cypress, Fennel(sweet), Hyssop,  Jasmine, Juniper, Labdanum, lovage, Marjoram, Myrrh, Nutmeg, Parsley, Penyroyal, Peppermint, Rose, Rosemary, Snakeroot, sage, Tarragon and Thyme(white)

OILS THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED WITH HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE. - These oils should not be used:
Black pepper, Hyssop, Lemon, Lemongrass, Nutmeg, Rosemary, Sage (spanish & Common) and Thyme.

OILS THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED WITH LOW BLOOD PRESSURE. - These oils should not be used:
Chamomile(Roman & German), Lemon balm, Lavender(true), Marjoram(sweet) and Ylang ylang.

THE OIL THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED FOR DIABETES. Anjelica.

THE OIL THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED FOR KIDNEY PROBLEMS. Juniper.

OILS THAT SHOULD BE NOT BE USED WITH HOMEOPATHIC TREATMENTS. - These oils are not to be used by anyone recieving homeopathic treatment:
Black pepper, Camphor, Eucalyptus and Peppermint.

OILS THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED WITH ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION. - These oils will increase the effects of alcohol:
Aniseed, Clary sage and Fennel.

THE OIL THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED WITH  DEPRESSION. Basil.

OILS THAT SHOULD BE AVOIDED WITH EPILEPSY. - These oils should not be used:
Fennel, Hyssop, Sage and Rosemary.

The following information has been gathered from many books over many years.  Some oils work by promoting balance, which is why they are listed as working well with things such as oily skin and dry skin.  What this means is that if your skin is oily, it will help dry it out, if it is dry it will help add moisture.  In other words, it will balance. 

Different sources will give different properties to the Essential oils - some may even contradict others.  It is for this reason that it is best to leave Aromatherapy to trained professionals.

The following information is not intended to prescribe or diagnose in any way.  It is not meant to be a substitute for professional medical advice/assistance.  The intention of this list is to give information on the historical usage of Aromatherapy.  Please consult your doctor or other health professional if you have any medical complaints.  Do not attempt to self diagnose or self prescribe herbal treatments for yourself  or others.  The Author (Obsidian) shall not be responsible for any misuse or abuse of this information.

Aniseed
Botanical name: Pimpinella Anisum
Note - top to middle
Type - Spice
Family - Umbelliferae 
Part - Herbs/seeds
Extraction - Steam Distillation
Aroma - Sweet and spicy, pungent, Licorice like, very warming.
Blends well with - Amyris, Bay, Cardamon, Caraway, Cedarwood, Coriander, Dill, Fennel, Galbanum, Mandarin, Petitgrain, Rosewood.
Contraindications - Sensitive skin, Pregnancy, Over use can cause sluggishness, drowsiness and dizziness.  In extreme cases can cause cerebral congestion and circulatory problems.
Properties - Carminative, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Decongestant, Parasiticide, Antiemetic, Aphrodisiac, Cardiac, Digestive aid, Diuretic, Expectorant, Galactagogue, Insecticide, Laxative, Parturient, Pectoral stimulant, Stomachic.
Uses - Respiratory problems, Digestive problems, Flatulence, Indigestion, Period pains, Stimulate lactation, Lice, Scabies, Muscular aches and pains, Rheumatism, Bronchitis, Coughs, Colic, Cramp, Colds, Stimulate the mind, Dyspepsia, Nausea, Vomiting, Stimulating peristalsis, Oliguria (low quantity of urine), Stimulates cardiac fatigue, Lice, Scabies, Infectious skin diseases.
Cautions: Not generally recommended for use in the home as prolonged or over use may be harmful.

Basil (Sweet)
Botanical name: Omicum Basilicum
Note - top
Type - Herb
Family - Labiatae
Part - Flowering top
Extraction - Steam Distillation
Aroma - Very clear, sweet and slightly spicy.
Blends well with - Bergamot, Black pepper, Citronella, Chamomile, Clary Sage, Geranium, Hyssop, Lavender, Lemongrass, Lime, Marjoram, Melissa, Neroli, Peppermint, Rose, Sandalwood, Verbena.
Contraindications - Pregnancy, Sensitive skin, Do not use to excess.
Properties - Soothing, Uplifting, Antiseptic, Insect repellent, Digestive aid, Antispasmodic, Emmenagogue, Analgesic, Antidepressant, Antispasmodic, Antivenomous, Aphrodisiac, Bactericide,  Carminative, Cephallic, Expectorant, Febrifuge, Galactagogue, Insecticide, Nervine, Stomachic, Sudorific, Tonic, Restorative, Stimulant, Vermifuge, Effects adrenal cortex, Imitates oestrogen, Minimise uric acid in muscles, stimulates blood flow, Helps expel afterbirth, Cleanse intestines and kidneys.
Uses -  Fatigue, Depression, Respiratory infections, Colds, Cough, Bronchitis, Asthma, Sinusitis, Fever, Gout, Indigestion, Insect bites and stings, Breast engorgement, Fainting, Flatulence, Insomnia, Muscular aches and pains, Rheumatism, Anxiety, Migraine, Nervous tension, Sharpening senses, Nerve tonic, Concentration, Hysteria, Headaches, Temporary paralysis, Nasal polyps, Earache, Allergies, Bronchitis, Emphysema, Flu, Whooping cough, Catarrh, Vomiting, Gastric spasm, Nausea, Dyspepsia, Hiccups, Menstrual problems, Scanty periods, Fertility problems, Fatigue, Stress, Poor circulation. 

Bay
Botanical name: Laurus Nobilis
Note - top
Type - Spice
Family - Lauraceae
Part - Leaves and twigs
Extraction - Steam Distillation
Aroma - Sweet and spicy, similar to Cinnamon
Blends well with - Citrus Oils, Cedarwood, Clary Sage, Coriander, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Ginger, Hyssop, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Marjoram, Myrtle, Orange, Rose, Rosemary, Thyme, Ylang Ylang.
Contraindications - Sensitive skin, Pregnancy, Irritate mucous membranes.
Properties - Analgesic, Antineuralgic, Antiseptic, antispasmodic, Aperitif, Astringent, Cholagogue, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Febrifuge, Hepatic, Insecticides, Parturient, Stimulant, Stomachic, Sudorific, Tonic, Mildly narcotic, Warms emotions, Reproductive tonic, Uplifting.
Uses -Colds, Flu, Bronchitis, Digestive aid, Dyspepsia, Flatulence, Appetite stimulant, Settles stomach, Liver and Kidney tonic, Rheumatism, Aches and pains, Sprains, Fever, Infectious disease, Scanty periods, Speeds up childbirth, Ear infections, Dizziness, Restores balance, Minor respiratory problems, Indigestion.
Cautions: People prone to sensitive or allergy prone skin should not use Bay oil.  Use in moderation and never undiluted.

Bergamot
Botanical name: Citrus Bergamia
Note - top
Type - Citrus
Family - Rutacaea
Part - Peel
Extraction - Expression 
Aroma - Light, delicate, refreshing, something like Orange and lemon with slight floral undertones.
Blends well with - Basil, Cardamon, Chamomile, Coriander, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Juniper, Jasmine, Lavender, Lemon, Marjoram, Mimosa, Myrtle, Neroli, Palmarosa, Patchouli, Petitgrain, Sandalwood, Ylang ylang.
Contraindications -  Phototoxic, sensitive skin.
Properties - Antiseptic, Parasiticide, Antidepressant, Analgesic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Cicatrisant, Cordial, Deodorant, Digestive, Expectorant, Febrifuge, Insecticide, Sedative, Stomachic, Tonic, Vermifuge, Vulnerary, Keeps pets away from plants, Uplifting, Vitalising, Anti-inflammatory, 
Uses -  Dandruff, Urinary and Respiratory infections, Skin infections, Throat and mouth infections, Scalp and skin, Psoriasis, Acne, Ulcers, Stress related conditions, Depression, Coldsores, Shingles, Insomnia, Anxiety, Stress, Bad breath, Deodorant, Worms, Intestinal parasites, Colic, Appetite stimulant, Vaginal infections, Flatulence, Boils, Eczema, Varicose Ulcers, Wounds, Tonsillitis, Colds, Fever, Flu, Abscesses, Cystitis, Digestive aid, Eczema, Insect repellent, Oily skin, Infectious diseases, PMS, Dyspepsia, Flatulence, Colic, Indigestion, Gallstones, Anorexia, Breathing difficulties, TB, Chickenpox, Uterine Tonic, STDs, Gastro-intestinal spasm, Cellulite, Sore throat, Bronchitis.

Black Pepper
Note -Middle
Type - Spice
Family - Piperaceae
Part - fruit
Extraction -Distillation 
Aroma - Sharp and Spicy
Blends well with - Basil, Bergamot, Cedarwood, Cypress, Frankincense, Geranium, Grapefruit, Juniper, Lemon, Marjoram, Palmarosa, Rosemary, Sandalwood, Ylang Ylang.
Contraindications -  Kidney Problems, Sensitive Skin
Properties - Analgesic, Antiemetic, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Aphrodisiac, Cardiac, Carminative, Detoxicant, Digestive, Diuretic, Febrifuge, Laxative, Rubefacient, Stimulant, Stomachic, Tonic, Helps frustration, Warms the heart with there is indifference,  Dilates local blood vessels, Stimulates peristalsis, Stimulates circulation, Helps form new blood cells, Antidote for fish and mushroom poisoning, Reduces fat, Increases flow of Saliva, Stimulates appetite, Expels wind, Fortifying stomach, Expels toxins.
Uses - Muscle aches and pains, Tired and aching limbs, Muscle stiffness, Rheumatoid Arthritis, Temporary Paralysis, Vomiting, Bowel problems, Anaemia, Respiratory illnesses, Fever (Small amounts)

Cajuput
Note - top
Type - Herb
Family - Myrtacaea
Part - leaves and twigs
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - Sweet, herbaceous and rather penetrating
Blends well with - Angelica, Bergamot, Birch, Cardamon, Cedarwood, Clove, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Immortelle, Lavender, Myrtle, Niaouli, Nutmeg, Pine, Rose, Rosewood, Thyme
Contraindications -  Use with caution, sensitive skin, irritate mucous membranes
Properties - Analgesic, Antidontalgic, Antineuralgic, Antirheumatic, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Balsamic, Cicatrisant, Decongestant, Expectorant, Febrifuge, Insecticide, Pectoral, Stimulant, Sudorific, Vermifuge, Clears the mind, Balances mind and body, Imitates Oestrogen.
Uses -Respiratory tract infections, Fever, Colds, Pharyngitis, Laryngitis, Bronchitis, Asthma, Ease Chronic Pulmonary Disease, Colic, Inflammation of the intestines, Enteritis, Dysentery, Gastric spasm, Nervous vomiting, Intestinal Parasites, Urinary infections, Cystitis, Urethritis, Neuralgia, Headaches, Toothache, Earache, Gout, Chronic rheumatism, Muscle Stiffness, Muscle aches and pains, Menopausal problems. 

Cedarwood
Note - Base
Type - Wood
Family - Cupressacae/Pinaceae
Part - Wood
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - Woody, reminiscent of sandalwood but slightly “drier" and almost pine tones
Blends well with - Benzoin, Bergamot, Black pepper, Cajuput, Cinnamon, Cypress, Frankincense, Ginger, Jasmine, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Linden, Myrrh, Neroli, Patchouli, Pine, Rose, Rosemary, Sandalwood, Vetiver, Ylang Ylang.
Contraindications -  Sensitive Skin, Pregnancy.
Properties - Calming, Soothing, Antiseptic, Astringent, Diuretic, Emollient, Expectorant, Fungicide, Insecticide, Sedative, Tonic, Better for chronic (long standing) problems than acute (recent) ones, Balances body and mind, Insect repellent, Aphrodisiac.
Uses -Nervous Tension, Anxiety, Meditation, Bronchitis, Coughs, Catarrh, Excess phlegm, Cystitis, Genito-Urinary tract problems, Kidney problems, Rheumatism, Arthritis, Oily skin, Acne, Clearing scabs, Dermatitis, Psoriasis, Hair tonic, Seborrhoea, Dandruff, Alopecia, Softening skin (especially when mixed with Cypress and Frankincense), Respiratory infections, Glandular problems, Stress, Insect bites and stings, Dermatitis, Eczema, Itching, Coughs, Fungal infections, Hair loss, Ulcers, Bronchitis, Catarrh, PMT, Tiredness, Vaginal infections, Urinary tract infections, Congestion, Sinusitis, 

Chamomile
Note -Middle
Type - Flower
Family - Compositae
Part - Flowers
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - Fruity, apple-like.
Blends well with - Angelica, Basil, Benzoin, Bergamot, Clary sage, Geranium, Jasmine, Lavender, Lemon, Marjoram, Neroli, Palmarosa, Patchouli, Rose, Star Anise, Ylang Ylang.
Contraindications -  Pregnancy (early Months)
Properties - Emmenagogue, Analgesic, Antiallergenic, Anticonvulsive, Antidepressant, Antibacterial, Antiemetic, Antiphlogistic, Antipruritic, Antirheumatic, Antiseptic, antispasmodic, Carminative, Cholagogue, Cicatrisant, Digestive, Diuretic, Emollient, Febrifuge, Hepatic, Nervine, Sedative, Splenetic, Stomachic, Sudorific, Tonic, Vermifuge, Vulnerary, Soothing, Calms the mind, Regulates menstruation, Stimulates growth of white corpuscles.
Uses - Anxiety, Tension, Anger, Fear, Promotes relaxation, Gives patience and peace, Allay worry, Insomnia, Muscular pain, Lower back pain, Headache, Neuralgia, Toothache, Earache, Menstrual problems,  Period pain, PMT, Menopause, Soothes stomach, Gastritis, Diarrhoea, Colitis, Peptic Ulcers, Vomiting, Flatulence, Irritated bowels, Liver problems, Jaundice, Genito-urinary problems, Anaemia, Burns, Blisters, Inflamed wounds, Ulcers, Boils, Dermatitis, Acne, Herpes, Psoriasis, Broken Capillaries, Improves skin elasticity, Itching, Puffiness, Strengthen tissues, Skin cleanser, Hair tonic,  Cramps, Nappy Rash, Nervous Tension, Neuralgia, Bleaching hair, Cracked nipples, Children’s tantrums, Fevers, Insomnia, Mastitis, 

Cinnamon
Note - Base
Type - Spice
Family - Lauracaea
Part – Bud/Bark/leaf
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma – Spicy, Sharp, Sweet and Musky
Blends well with – Benzoin, Cardamon, Clove, Coriander, Eucalyptus, Frankincense, Galbanum, Ginger, Grapefruit, Lavender, Lemon, Mandarin, Orange, Pie, Rosemary, Thyme.
Contraindications -  (Leaf is safer as Bud and Bark can irritate skin more)  Use with care in small doses, Pregnancy, High doses could cause convulsions
Properties – Anaesthetic, Antidontalgic, Antiseptic, Antiputrefative, Antispasmodic, Aphridesiac, Astringent, Cardiac, Carminative, Emmenagogue, Escharotic, Haemostatic, Insecticide, parasiticide, Sialogue, Stimulant, Stomachic, Vermifuge, Stimulates tears, Stimulates saliva and mucous, Stimulates secretion of gastric juices, Stimulates Circulatory system.
Uses – Respiratory infections, Colds, Flu, Breathing difficulty, Fainting, Infectious diseases, Viral infections, Intestinal infections, Digestive spasm, Asthenia, Dyspepsia, Colitis, Flatulence, Gastralgia, Diarrhoea,  Nausea, Vomiting, Cholera, Typhoid, Period pain, Scanty menstruation, Leucorrhoea, Impotence, Muscle spasm,  Rheumatism, Insect bites,  Respiratory and digestive problems,  Lice, Scabies, Tooth and Gum care, Warts, Wasp stings, Poor circulation, Rheumatism, Anorexia, Colitis, Aids childbirth, Frigidity, Cough, Depression, Flu.

Citronella
Note - Top
Type - Citrus
Family - Graminae
Part - Grass
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - Sweet and Lemony
Blends well with - Bergamot, Cajuput, Cedarwood, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Lavender, Lemon, Mandarin, Neroli, Orange, Peppermint, Petitgrain, Pine, Sage, Ylang Ylang.
Contraindications -  May irritate Sensitive Skin, Pregnancy.
Properties - Antidepressant, Antiseptic, Deodorant, Insecticide, Parasiticide, Tonic for heart and nervous system, Stimulant, Clearing mind, uplifting.
Uses -Insect repellent, Excessive perspiration, Oily skin, Cold, flu, Minor infections, Fatigue, Headache, Migraine, Neuralgia, Tired feet, Rheumatic aches and pains, Softens skin
(A good flea remedy for pets)

Clary Sage
Note - Top to Middle
Type - Herb
Family - Labiatae
Part - Herb/Flowering tops and leaves
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - Heavy herby and nutty.
Blends well with - Angelica, Basil, Bay, Bergamot, Cardamon, Cedarwood, Citronella, Coriander, Cypress, Frankincense, Geranium, Grapefruit, Jasmine, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Lime, Myrtle, Petitgrain, Rose, Sandalwood, Ylang Ylang.
Contraindications -  Not before driving or operating heavy machinery,  Not with Alcohol consumption,  Large doses can cause headaches, Pregnancy , Epilepsy
Properties - Anticonvulsive, Antidepressant, Antiphlogistic, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Antisudorific, Aphrodisiac, Balsamic, Carminative, Deodorant, Digestive, Emmenagogue, Hypotensive, Nervine, Parturient, Sedative, Stomachic, Tonic, Uterine, hormone balancing, Kidney tonic, Soothing, Uplifting, Balance, Encourages hair growth, Astringent, Anti-inflammatory, Antibacterial, Powerful muscle relaxant.
Uses - Nervous tension, Anxiety, Uterine problems, Scanty periods, PMT, Menstrual cramps, Stress, Fertility, Digestive problems, Flatulence, Gastric spams, Headaches, Migraine, Tension, cramp, Excessive perspiration, TB, Asthma, Sore throats, Throat infections, Brings vigour after illness, Convalescence, Overcoming drug addictions, Depression and hopelessness, Cell regenerate, Scalp problems, Dandruff, Oily hair, Inflamed and puffy skin, Hypertension, Colds, Menstrual problems, Dry skin, Digestive problems.

Clove
Note -Base
Type - Spice
Family - Myrtaceae
Part - (Tree) Bud or Leaf
Extraction - Distillation 
Aroma - Spicy, strong.
Blends well with - Basil, Benzoin, Black pepper, Cinnamon, Citronella, Grapefruit, Lemon, Nutmeg, Orange, Peppermint, Rosemary.
Contraindications -  (Highly irritant), Sensitive skin, Pregnancy, Not for use with children
Properties - Analgesic, Anaesthetic, Antidontalgic, Antiemetic, Antineuralgic, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Aperitif, Aphrodisiac, Carminative, Caustic, Cicatrisant, Disinfectant, Insecticide, Parturient, Splenetic, Stimulant, Stomachic, Uterine, Vermifuge, Expectorant, Antihistamine, Aids digestion, Antidepressant, Parasiticide, Tonic for the Kidneys; spleen and  stomach, Antibacterial.
Uses - Dyspepsia, Gum infections, Toothache, Bronchitis, Catarrh, Scabies, Athletes foot, Cold, Flu, Tinea, Acne, Bruises, Burns, Cuts, Ulcers, Wounds, Arthritis, Rheumatism, Sprains, Asthma, Colic, Nausea, Minor infection, Diarrhoea, Flatulence, General weakness, Muscular aches and pains, Tension,  Scar tissue, Memory, Lethargy, Vomiting, Intestinal spasm, Halitosis, Headache, Respiratory problems, TB, Impotence, Frigidity, Helps child birth pains, Lupus.

Cypress
Note - Middle to base
Type - Wood
Family - Cupressaceae
Part - (Tree) Leaves and cones
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - Woody and spicy, but refreshing and clear
Blends well with - Benzoin, Bergamot, Clary Sage, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Linden, Orange, Pine, Rosemary, Sandalwood.
Contraindications -  High Blood pressure, Pregnancy, 
Properties - Antiseptic, Astringent, Aids healing, Insecticide, Vaso-constricting, Tonic for circulatory system and liver, Cicatrisant .
Uses - Urinary problems, Fluid retention, Excessive perspiration, Diarrhoea, Menorrhagia, Tired aching legs, Oily skin, Rheumatism, Back ache, Haemorrhage, Swelling, Nasal congestion, Cold, Flu, Scars, Wounds, Haemorrhoids, Varicose veins, Asthma, Cellulitis, Menstrual cramp, Poor circulation, Spasmodic coughs, Dysmenorrhoea, Stress, Nervous tension, Acne, Eczema, Gum disorders, Incontinence, Menopausal problems, Nose bleeds, Whooping cough.

Eucalyptus
Note - Top
Type - Wood
Family - Eucalyptus globulus
Part - (Tree) leaves
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - Clear, sharp and piercing
Blends well with - Benzoin, Cajeput, Cedarwood, Coriander, Cypress, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Lemongrass, Marjoram, Melissa, Peppermint, Pine, Rosemary, Star Anise, Teatree, Thyme.
Contraindications -  Sensitive skin, Kidney problems, Toxic if taken internally, Heart problems, Not for children, High Blood pressure, Pregnancy, Epilepsy, Do not use if you are on any  Homoeopathic medication.
Properties - Analgesic, Antirheumatic, Antipholgistic, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Balsamic, Cicatrisant, Decongestant, Deodorant, Depurative, Diuretic, Expectorant, Febrifuge, Hypoglycemiant, Insecticide, Rubefacient, Stimulant, Vermifuge, Vulnerary, Parasiticide, Cools and soothes, Strengthens nervous system,
Uses - Respiratory complaints, Croup, Bronchitis, Ringworm, Insect bites, Shingles, Chicken pox, Herpes, Muscle aches and pains, Dysentery, Hay fever, Burns, Throat infections, Colds, Chest infections, Acne, Asthma, Boils, Cold sores, Cuts, Fever, Flu, Lice, Laryngitis, Rheumatism,  Skin infections, Sore throat, Urinary infections, Aids concentration, Catarrh, TB, Sinusitis, Migraine, Typhoid, Diphtheria, Malaria, Cystitis, Diarrhoea, Gall stones, Nephritis, Gonorrhoea, Diabetes, Haemorrhage, Neuralgia, Pyorrhoea.

Fennel
Note - Top to middle
Type - Herb
Family - Umbelliferae
Part - (Herb) seed
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - Floral, herbal and spicy
Blends well with - Basil, Geranium, Lavender, Lemon, Rose, Rosemary, Sandalwood.
Contraindications -  Pregnancy, Epilepsy, Toxic if used in large doses, not for babies.
Properties - Antiphlogistic, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Aperitif, Carminative, Detoxicant, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Expectorant, Galactagogue, Insecticide, Laxative, Resolvent, Splenetic, Stimulant, Stomachic, Sudorific, Tonic, Vermifuge, Reduces lactobacillus, Has an action similar to Oestrogen, Stimulates lactation, Reduces the toxic effect of alcohol, Body cleansing and detoxifying.
Uses - Kidney Stones, Menstrual problems, PMT, Respiratory problems, Urinary tract infections, Flatulence, colic, Menopausal problems, Diuretic, Gout, Liver problems, Children's complaints, Intestinal parasites, Nausea, Vomiting, Indigestion, Cellulitis, Obesity, Odema, Rheumatism, Asthma, Bronchitis, Anorexia, Bruises, Dull skin, Oily skin, Alcohol poisoning, Appetite reduction, Arthritis, Colitis, Constipation, Fluid retention, Mouth and gum problems, Hangovers, Stomach ailments, Eases digestion, Hiccups, Whooping cough, Scanty periods.

Frankincense
Note - Middle to base
Type - Resin
Family - Burseraceae
Part - (Tree) Bark
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - Woody, spicy, and a hint of lemon
Blends well with - Basil, Black Pepper, Cedarwood, Cinnamon, Citrus oils, Galbanum, Geranium , Ginger, Grapefruit, Lavender, Orange, Melissa, Myrrh, Neroli, Patchouli, Pine, Sandalwood, Vetiver.
Contraindications -  Pregnancy.
Properties - Uterine tonic, Astringent, Blood coagulant, Calming, Deepens breathing, Induces sweating, Pulmonary antiseptic, Calming, Clears the lungs, Anti-inflammatory.
Uses - Bronchitis, Laryngitis, Asthma, anxiety, Stress, Emotional upsets, Urinary tract infections, Cystitis, Uterine tonic, Wounds, Mature skin, Blemishes, Dry skin, Scars, Catarrh, Dysmenorrhoea, Cold, Flu, Nervous tension, Acne,  Coughs, Laryngitis, Meditation, Menstrual problems, PMS, Menorrhagia, Respiratory conditions, Scar tissue, Improves skin tone, genito-urinary infections, Catarrh, Nephritis, Genital infections, Uterine haemorrhage, Post natal depression, Calms during labour, Breast inflammation, Dyspepsia, Belching, Wrinkles, Oily skin, Ulcers, Carbuncles.

Geranium
Note - Middle
Type - Floral
Family - Geraniacea
Part - (plant) Flowers and leaves
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - Sweet and heavy, a little like rose with a hint of mint.
Blends well with - Angelica, Basil, Bay, Bergamot, Carrot Seed, Cedarwood, Citronella, Clary Sage, Grapefruit, Hyssop, Jasmine, Lavender, Lemon, Lime, Mandarin, Marjoram, Neroli, Orange, Patchouli, Petitgrain, Rose, Rosemary, Sandalwood, Tea Tree.
Contraindications -  Sensitive skin, Pregnancy.
Properties - Analgesic, Anticoagulant, Antidepressant, Aphrodisiac, Antiseptic, Anti-fungal, Anti-inflammatory, Astringent, Cicatrisant, Cytophylactic, Diuretic, Deodorant, Haemostatic, Hypoglycemiant, Insecticide, Styptic, Tonic, Vasoconstrictor, Vulnerary, Cleanses the body of toxins, Stimulates lymphatic system, Clears digestive mucous, Balances Sebum, Skin cleanser, Improves flow of blood.
Uses - Anxiety, Depression, Balances mind, Stress, PMT, Menorrhagia,  Lack of vaginal secretions,  Inflammation, Breast Congestion, Congested system,  Jaundice, Kidney stones, Gallstones, Diabetes, Urinary infections, Fluid retention, Swollen ankles, Throat infections, Mouth Infections, Neuralgia, Gastritis, Colitis, Insect Repellent, Eczema, Shingles, Herpes, Ringworm, Chilblains, Oily skin, Sluggish skin, Congested skin, Cuts, Menopausal conditions, Cellulitis, Mastitis,  Emotional problems, tonsillitis, Burns, Muscular aches and pains, Respiratory conditions, Rheumatism, Swelling, Ulcers, Apathy, Acne, Bruises, Broken capillaries, Dermatitis,  Haemorrhoids, Lice, Mature skin, Mosquito repellent, Wounds, Engorgement of breasts,  Poor circulation, Sore Throat, Nervous tension, Abscesses, Boils, Bronchitis, Indigestion, Insect bites.

Jasmine
Note - Middle to Base
Type - Floral
Family - Jasminacaea
Part - Flowers
Extraction - Enfleurage/Solvent Extraction
Aroma - Sweet and flowery.
Blends well with - Bergamot, Citrus oils, Chamomile, Clary Sage, Coriander, Frankincense, Geranium, Guaiacwood, Immortelle, Lavender, Mandarin, Melissa, Mimosa, Myrtle, Neroli, Orange, Palmarosa, Patchouli, Peppermint, Petitgrain, Rose, Rosewood, Sandalwood, Vetiver, Ylang Ylang.
Contraindications -  Sensitive skin, Pregnancy, Not for Babies, Excessive use can cause problems with bodily fluids such as phlegm, May have a narcotic effect and cause lack of concentration.
Properties - Menstrual regulator , Sedative, Antidepressant, Stimulates lactation, Boosts confidence, Analgesic, Balances hormones, Increases male fertility.
Uses -  Stress, Skin Care, Throat infections, Coughs, Catarrh, Listlessness, Apathy, Melancholy, Hopelessness, Menstrual cramps, Back pain, Labour Pain, Impotence, Frigidity, Dry Skin, Itchy skin, Muscle aches and pains, Child Birth, Lethargy, Nervous tension, PMS, Post natal depression, Vaginal infections,  Premature ejaculation, Hoarseness.

Juniper
Note - Middle
Type - Herb
Family - Cupressacea
Part - Berries
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - Slightly woody
Blends well with - Benzoin, Bergamot, Cedarwood, Citrus oils, Cypress, Frankincense, Geranium, Ginger, Grapefruit, Orange, Lavender, Lemongrass, Lime, Melissa, Pine, Rosemary, Sandalwood, Vetiver.
Contraindications -  Pregnancy, Kidney problems,  not for use with babies.
Properties - Antiseptic, Anti-rheumatic, Antispasmodic, Aphrodisiac, Astringent, Carminative, Cicatrisant, Clears Mucous from intestines, Depurative, Detoxicant, Digestive aid, Disinfectant, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Nervine, Insecticide, Parturient, Regulating appetite, Regulating periods, Rubefacient, Stimulating, Stomachic, Sudorific, Tonic, Vulnerary.
Uses - Genito-Urinary infections, Cystitis, Strangury (Inability to pass urine), Kidney stones, Cellulitis, Dropsy, Fluid retention, releasing toxins, Piles,  Obesity, Cirrhosis, Arthritis, Rheumatism, Gout, Sciatica, Stiff joints, Menstrual cramps, Childbirth, Problem skin, Oily skin, Congested skin, Seborrhoea, Acne, Blocked pores, Dermatitis, Eczema, Psoriasis, Swelling, Haemorrhoids, Ulcers, Stress, Oily Hair, Indigestion, Insomnia, Menstrual problems, Loss of appetite, Muscular aches and pains, PMS, Intestinal parasites, Colds, Flu, Anxiety, Purifying the blood, Circulation problems, Cough, Diarrhoea, Fatigue, 

Lavender
Note - Middle
Type - Flower
Family - Labiatae
Part - Flowers
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - Floral and slightly woody
Blends well with - Basil, Bay, Bergamot, Cedarwood, Chamomile, Citronella, Clary Sage, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Grapefruit, Hyssop, Jasmine, Lemon, Lemongrass, Lime, Mandarin, Marjoram, Myrtle, Neroli, Nutmeg, Orange, Patchouli, Peppermint, Petitgrain, Pine, Thyme, Rosemary, Tea Tree.
Contraindications -  Low Blood pressure, Early Pregnancy.
Properties - Analgesic, Anticonvulsive, Antidepressant, Antiphlogistic, Antirheumatic, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Antiviral, Bactericide, Balances central nervous system, Carminative, Cholagogue, Cicatrisant, Cordial, Cytophylactic, Decongestant, Deodorant, Detoxicant, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Fungicide, Hypotensive, Increases gastric secretions, Nervine, Promotes growth of new skin cells, Restorative, Sedative, Splenetic, Stimulates bile production, Sudorific, Vulnerary. 
Uses - Anger, Exhaustion, High blood pressure, Heart palpitations, Insomnia, Muscular spasm, Sprains, Strains, Rheumatic pains, Bronchitis, Asthma, Catarrh, Colds, Laryngitis, Throat infections, TB, Infections, Period pain, Scanty periods, Leucorrhoea, Childbirth, Cleanse spleen and liver, Nausea, Vomiting, Colic, Flatulence, Insect repellent, Burns, Sunburn, Acne, Eczema, Psoriasis, Abscesses, Boils, Carbuncles, Fungal growths, Swelling, Scars, Gangrene, Alopecia, Headaches, Lice, fleas, Appetite stimulating, Whooping cough, Flu, Nervous Tension, Stress, Vertigo, Shock, Athlete's foot, Genito-urinary problems, Cystitis, Scalds, Wounds, Sores, Varicose veins, PMT, Ulcers, Spider bites, Ringworm.

Lemon
Note - Top
Type - Citrus
Family - Rutaceae
Part - Peel
Extraction - Expression/Distillation
Aroma - Citrus, Sharp and fresh
Blends well with - Bay, Benzoin, Black pepper, Cardamon, Chamomile, Citronella, Citrus oils, Eucalyptus, Fennel, Frankincense, Geranium, Ginger, Jasmine, Juniper, Lavender, Linden, Neroli, Peppermint, Rose, Sandalwood, Ylang-Ylang.
Contraindications -  Sensitive skin, Phototoxic, High Blood pressure.
Properties - Antacid, Antisclerotic, Antiscorbutic, Antineuralgic, Antirheumatic, Antipruritic, Antiseptic, Astringent, Bactericide, Carminative, Cicatrisant, Decongestant, Depurative, Diuretic, Emollient, Escharotic, Febrifuge, Haemostatic, Hepatic, Hypoglycemiant, Hypotensive, Insecticide, Laxative, Stomachic, Tonic, Vermifuge.
Uses - Varicose veins, Easing blood flow, High Blood pressure, Anaemia, Restoring vitality to Red blood cells, Stimulating white corpuscles, Infectious diseases, Nosebleeds, Sore throat, Coughs, Colds, Flu, Fever, Cold sores, Herpes, Digestive complaints, Counteracting acidity in stomach, Diabetes, Cleanses body, Constipation, Cellulite, Headaches, Migraine, Neuralgia, Rheumatism, Arthritis, Insect bites and stings, Removes dead skin cells, broken capillaries, Cleansing greasy skin, Corns, Warts, Verrucae, Scars, Strengthens nails, Cuts, Circulation problems, Boosts immune system, Asthma, Bronchitis, Catarrh, Dyspepsia, Sinusitis, Tonsillitis, Chilblains, Mouth sores, Middle ear infections, Depression, Indigestion, Boils, Debility, Fluid retention, Mouth Ulcers, Oily skin, Wounds,

Lemongrass
Note - Top
Type - Citrus
Family - Graminaea
Part - Leaves
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - Strong, sweet and lemony
Blends well with - Basil, Cedarwood, Coriander, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Jasmine, Lavender, Neroli, Niaouli, Palmarosa, Peppermint, Rosemary, Tea Tree, Thyme, Vetiver, Yarrow.
Contraindications -  Sensitive skin, use in low dose, High Blood pressure.
Properties - Antidepressant, Antiseptic, Bactericide, Carminative, Deodorant, Digestive, Diuretic, Fungicide, Galactagogue, Insecticide, Prophylactic, Stimulant, Tonic, Tones the skin, Sedative, Relaxing, .
Uses - Exhaustion, Boosting parasympathetic nerves, Digestive complaints, Illness, Loss of appetite, Colitis, Indigestion, Gastro-enteritis, Infectious disease, Respiratory infections, Sore throat, Laryngitis, Fever, Aching muscles, Muscular aches and pains, Tired legs, Jet Lag, Headaches, Fatigue, Insect repellent, Fleas, Aids flow of breast milk, Open pores, Acne, Oily skin, Athlete's foot, Thrush, Digestive disturbances, Stress, Anxiety, Fluid retention, Gastric infections, Gout, Lice, Mental fatigue, Poor Circulation, Rheumatism, Scabies.

Lime
Note - Top
Type - Citrus
Family - Rutaceae
Part - Peel
Extraction - Expression/Distillation
Aroma - Sharp and Tangy
Blends well with - Angelica, Basil, Bergamot, Citronella, Citrus oils, Clary Sage, Geranium, Linden Blossom, Lavender, Neroli, Nutmeg, Palmarosa, Rose, Rosemary, Violet, Ylang Ylang.
Contraindications -  Phototoxic, Sensitive skin.
Properties - Antiscorbic, Antiseptic, Antiviral, Apertif, Astringent, Bactericide, Disinfectant, Febrifuge, Haemostatic, Insecticide, Restorative, Tonic, Stimulating, Activating, Refreshing, Uplifting, Digestive stimulant, Stimulates appetite, Stimulates digestive secretions.
Uses - Apathy, Anxiety, Depression, Fever, Colds, Sore Throat, Flu, Coughs, Chest congestion, Catarrh, Sinusitis, Immune system tonic, Infections, Anorexia, Alcoholism, Rheumatic pain, Greasy skin, Acne, Cuts, Wounds, Anaemia, Brittle nails, Boils, Chilblains, Corns, Herpes, Insect bites, Mouth Ulcers, Spots, Varicose veins, Warts, Arthritis, Cellulitis, High Blood Pressure, Nose bleeds, Obesity, Poor circulation, Rheumatism, Asthma, Throat infections, Bronchitis, Dyspepsia, Headaches, Stress.

Mandarin
Note - Top to Middle
Type - Citrus
Family -  Rutacaea
Part - Peel
Extraction - Expression
Aroma - Sweet and tangy
Blends well with - Basil, Bergamot, Black Pepper, Chamomile, Cinnamon, Citrus oils, Clary Sage, Coriander , Cumin, Geranium, Grapefruit, Juniper, Lavender, Lemon, Lime, Marjoram, Nutmeg, Palmarosa, Petitgrain, Rose.
Contraindications -  Phototoxic.
Properties - Antispasmodic, Cholagogue, Cytophylactic, Digestive tonic, Emollient, Sedative, Tonic, Uplifting, Stimulates appetite, Stimulates liver, Regulate Metabolic processes, Aids secretion of Bile, Aids breaking down of fats, Calms the Intestines, Revitalising, Skin tonic.
Uses - Depression, Anxiety, Flatulence, Morning sickness, PMT, Stretch Marks  and scarring, Digestive weakness, Good for children/pregnant women and the elderly, Insomnia, Nervousness, Acne, Oily skin, Fluid retention, Obesity, Hiccups, Restlessness, Constipation, Digestive problems.

Marjoram
Note - Middle
Type - Herb
Family - Labiatae
Part - Leaves
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - Slightly Spicy
Blends well with - Basil, Bergamot, Cedarwood, Chamomile, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Lavender, Mandarin, Melissa, Orange, Nutmeg, Peppermint, Rosemary, Rosewood, Tea Tree, Thyme, Ylang Ylang.
Contraindications -  May cause drowsiness with prolonged use, Pregnancy.
Properties - Analgesic, Anaphrodisiac, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Cephalic, Cordial, Digestive, Emmenagogue, Expectorant, Hypotensive, Laxative, Nervine, Restorative, Sedative, Tonic, Vulnerary, Calming, Dilates the arteries and capillaries, Cleanses toxins, Regulates Menstrual cycle, Hypnotic, 
Uses - Stress, Anxiety, Psychological trauma, Confronting "issues", Grief, Loneliness, Hyperactivity, Muscular aches and pains, Lower back pain, Rheumatic aches and pains, Swollen joints, Stiff joints, After-sports rub, High Blood pressure, Headache, Migraine, Insomnia, Digestive problems, Stomach cramps, Indigestion, Constipation, Flatulence, Sea Sickness, Chest infections, Colds, Sinusitis, Bronchitis, Asthma, Congestion, Painful periods, Bruises, Sprains, Arthritis, Menstrual problems, Coughs, Colic, Chilblains, Ticks, Lumbago, Strains, Dyspepsia, Leucorrhoea, PMS, Nervous tension, Cramps, Emotional comfort, Flu, Circulation.

Orange
Note - Top
Type -  Citrus
Family - Citrus Vulgaris/Aurantium/ Sinesis
Part - Peel
Extraction - Expression
Aroma -  Zesty and refreshing citrus
Blends well with -  Angelica, Black Pepper, Cedarwood, Cinnamon, Citrus oils, Coriander, Clary Sage, Clove, Cumin, Cypress, Frankincense, Geranium, Ginger, Hyssop, Jasmine, Juniper, Lavender, Myrrh, Neroli, Nutmeg, Petitgrain, Rose, Rosewood.
Contraindications - Sensitive skin, Phototoxic.
Properties - Antidepressant, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Carminative, Digestive, Febrifuge, Sedative, Stomachic, Tonic, Stimulates bile, Helps digestion of fats, Stimulates Appetite, Aids digestion of Vitamin C, Aids formation of collagen, Lowers cholesterol, Uplifting, Calming.
Uses -  Depression, Tension, Stress, Boredom, Lethargy, "Butterflies" in the stomach, Diarrhoea, Constipation, Viral infections, Colds, Bronchitis, Fever, Repairing body tissues, Sore muscles, Rickety bones, Insomnia, Anxiety, Congested skin, Wrinkles, Dermatitis, Skin complaints, Flu, Oily skin, Coughs, Heartburn, Indigestion, Dull complexion, Dyspepsia, Mouth ulcers, Obesity, Palpitations, Water retention, Nervous tension.

Patchouli
Note - Base
Type -  Herb
Family - Pogostemon patchouli
Part - Leaves
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma -  Earthy and woody, a bit spicy (sort of mouldy)
Blends well with -  Angelica, Bergamot, Black pepper, Cedarwood, Clary Sage, Elemi, Frankincense, Galbanum, Geranium, Ginger, Lavender, Lemongrass, Myrrh, Neroli, Orange Pine, Rose, Rosewood, Sandalwood, Ylang Ylang.
Contraindications - Sedative in low doses but Stimulating in high doses, May cause loss of appetite, May cause a headache in some people.
Properties - Grounding, Balancing, Antidepressant, Antipholgistic, Antiseptic, Anti-inflammatory, Aphrodisiac, Astringent, Cicatrisant, Cytophylactic, Deodorant, Diuretic, Febrifuge, Fungicide, Insecticide, Sedative, Tonic, Soothing, Calming, Opens pores, Cell regeneration.
Uses - Lethargy, Clarifying problems, Loose skin, Weight loss, Diarrhoea, Water Retention, Cellulite, Sweating, Insect bites and stings, Snake bites, Scars, Cracked skin, Sores, Wounds, Acne, Eczema, Fungal infections, Scalp disorders, Skin disorders, Athlete's foot, Dry Skin, Oily Skin, Tinea, Excessive Menstrual flow, Dandruff, Dermatitis, Hair care, Impetigo, Wrinkles, Frigidity, Nervous exhaustion, Stress, Anxiety, Bed sores, Depression.

Peppermint
Note - Top
Type -  Herb
Family - Labiatae
Part - Leaves and flowering tops
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma -  Minty
Blends well with - Basil, Benzoin, Cedarwood, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Jasmine, Lavender, Lemon, lemongrass, Mandarin, Marjoram, Niaouli, Pine, Rosemary.
Contraindications - (Very cooling on the skin -  so best used in very small concentration on the skin), Sensitive skin, Pregnancy, Nursing Mothers (can discourage flow of milk), Should not be used with Homoeopathic remedies.
Properties - Analgesic, Antidontalgic, Anaesthetic, Antigalactagogue, Antiphlogistic, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Astringent, Carminative, Cephalic, Cholagogue, Cordial, Decongestant, Emmenagogue, Expectorant, Febrifuge, Hepatic, Nervine, Stimulant, Stomachic, Sudorific, Vasoconstrictor, Vermifuge, Encourages sweating, Insecticide, Softens skin, Improves thinking, Uplifting.
Uses - Anger, Hysteria, Nervous trembling, Mental fatigue, Depression, Colds, Mucous, Fever, Respiratory disorders, Dry coughs, Sinus congestion, Asthma, Bronchitis, Cholera, Pneumonia, Tuberculosis, Food poisoning, Vomiting, Diarrhoea, Constipation, Flatulence, Halitosis, Colic, Gall stones, Nausea, Travel sickness, Kidney disorders, Liver disorders, Numbness in the limbs, Shock, Vertigo, Anaemia, Dizziness, Fainting, Headaches, Migraines, Toothache, Aching feet, Rheumatism, Neuralgia, Muscular aches, Scanty menstruation, Painful periods, Mastitis, Dermatitis, Ringworm, Scabies, Pruritus, Itching, Inflammation, Sunburn, Blackheads, Oily hair and skin, Abdominal cramps, Digestive upsets, Flu, Morning Sickness, Shingles, Insect bites, Nervous stress, Indigestion, Acne, Palpitations.

Rosemary
Note - Middle
Type - Herb
Family - Labiatae
Part - Flowering tops and leaves
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma - A strong refreshing herbal scent
Blends well with - Basil, Black Pepper, Cedarwood, Frankincense, Geranium, Ginger, Grapefruit, Hyssop, Lavender, Lemongrass, Lime, Mandarin, Melissa, Myrtle, Orange, Peppermint, Petitgrain, Pine, Tea Tree, Tangerine.
Contraindications - Pregnancy, High Blood pressure, Epilepsy, Not to be taken with Homoeopathic remedies.
Properties - Analgesic, Antidepressant, Antirheumatic, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Astringent, Carminative, Cephalic, Cholagogue, Cicatrisant, Cordial, Decongestant, Digestive, Diuretic, Emmenagogue, Hepatic, Hypertensive, Nervine, Resolvent, Stimulant, Stomachic, Sudorific, Tonic, Vulnerary, Invigorating, Strengthens the mind, May help restore speech; hearing and sight, Heart tonic, Cardiac stimulant, Encourages hair growth.
Uses - Memory, Mental Strain, Dullness, Lethargy, Weakness, Mental exhaustion, Headaches, Migraines, Gastric problems, Vertigo, Paralysed limbs, Gout, Rheumatic pains, Tired and overworked muscles, Low blood pressure, Anaemia, Colds, Asthma, Chronic bronchitis, Flu, Hepatitis, Cirrhosis, Gallstones, Jaundice, Blocked bile ducts, Colitis, Dyspepsia, Flatulence, Stomach pains, Menstrual cramps, Scanty periods, Water retention, Cellulite, Obesity, Sagging skin, Skin congestion, Puffy skin, Swelling, Scalp disorders, Dandruff, Infections, Halitosis, Stress, Eyesight, Apathy, Muscle fatigue, Poor circulation, Aches and pains, Acne, Dermatitis, Eczema, Oily hair, Insect repellent, Lice, Seborrhoea, Scabies, Varicose veins, Rheumatism, Whooping cough.

Sandalwood
Note - Base
Type - Wood
Family - Santalaceae
Part - Inner wood
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma -  Woody and Exotic
Blends well with - Basil, Benzoin, Bergamot, Black Pepper, Cedarwood, Cypress, Frankincense, Geranium, Jasmine, Lavender, Lemon, Mimosa, Myrrh, Neroli, Palmarosa, Patchouli, Rose, Rosewood, Vetiver, Ylang Ylang.
Contraindications - Depression? (May cause mood to drop lower, may act as an antidepressant)
Properties - Antiphlogistic, Antiseptic, Anti-inflammatory, Antispasmodic, Aphrodisiac, Astringent, Bechic, Carminative, Diuretic, Emollient, Expectorant, Sedative, Tonic, brings peace and acceptance, Stimulates immune system.
Uses - Nervous tension, Anxiety, Obsessional attitudes, Cutting ties with the past, Meditation, Genito-urinary problems, Cystitis, Frigidity, Impotence, Chest infections, Sore throat, Dry coughs, Bronchitis, Lung infections, Insomnia, Catarrh, Heartburn, Diarrhoea, Dry skin, Oily skin, Aging skin, Dehydrated skin, Itching, Acne, Boils, Infected wounds, Cracked skin, Chapped skin, Shaving rash, PMS, Upset stomach, Stress, Urinary tract infections, Laryngitis, Nausea, Depression, Eczema, Fatigue, Respiratory problems, Skin problems, Sunstroke, Venereal infections.

Tea Tree
Note - Top
Type -  Wood
Family - Myrtaceae
Part - Leaf
Extraction - Distillation
Aroma -  Pungent and Sterile
Blends well with -  Black Pepper, Cinnamon, Clary Sage, Clove, Coriander, Cumin, Cypress, Eucalyptus, Geranium, Ginger, Lavender, Lemon, Mandarin, Marjoram, Nutmeg, Orange, Pine, Rosemary, Thyme.
Contraindications - Sensitive skin, Pregnancy
Properties - Antibiotic, Antipuritic, Antiseptic, Antiviral, Antibacterial, Balsamic, Cicatrisant, Cordial, Disinfectant, Expectorant, Fungicide, Insecticide, Stimulant, Sudorific, Boosts immune system.
Uses - Shock, Infectious diseases, Eliminating toxins, Flu, Colds, Cold sores, Catarrh, Glandular fever, Gingivitis, AIDS (not a cure, but may boost immune system to be of benefit), Post-operative shock, Convalescence, Vaginal thrush, Genital infections, Urinary tract infections, Cystitis, Genital and anal pruritus, Chickenpox, Itching, Rashes, Insect bites and stings, Ear infections, Tonsillitis, Enteritis, Intestinal parasites, Infected wounds, Boils, Carbuncles, Spots, Acne, Shingles, Burns, Sores, Sunburn, Ringworm, Warts, Tinea, Herpes, Athlete's foot, Dry scalp, Dandruff,. Bronchitis, Verrucae, Asthma, Hysteria, Abscesses, Calluses, Blisters, Respiratory problems.

The following information is not intended to prescribe or diagnose in any way.  It is not meant to be a substitute for professional medical advice/assistance.  The intention of this list is to give information on the historical usage of Aromatherapy.  Please consult your doctor or other health professional if you have any medical complaints.  Do not attempt to self diagnose or self prescribe herbal treatments for yourself  or others.  The Author (Obsidian) shall not be responsible for any misuse or abuse of this information.

To make it easier to find everything, I have categorised the complaints into sections.

As with anything, you should see a doctor fist, to make sure there isn't an underlying problem that you don't know about.  In most cases Natural therapies should be used as a sideline to "normal" medicine, not instead of them.

Stress Related conditions

NERVOUS TENSION:
Basil,  Bergamot,  Cedarwood,  Chamomile,  Cinnamon,  Clary sage, Frankincense,  Geranium,  Jasmine,   Juniper,  Lavender,  Lemongrass, Melissa,  Mandarin,  Marjoram,  Mint ( Peppermint & Spearmint),  Orange, Neroli,  Patchouli,  Pine,  Rose,  Rosemary,  Rosewood,  Sandalwood, Vetiver,  Ylang ylang.

Sample methods of use:
1).   Use as a massage oil.
2).   Use in an oil burner.
3).   Use in a warm bath.
4).   Use as a warm compress, place on forehead or back of neck.
 

STRESS:
Basil,  Bergamot,  Cedarwood,  Chamomile,  Cinnamon,  Clary sage, Frankincense,  Geranium,  Jasmine, Juniper,  Lavender,  Lemon,  Lemongrass, Melissa,  Mandarin,  Marjoram,  Mint ( Peppermint & Spearmint),  Orange, Neroli,  Patchouli,  Pine,  Rose,  Rosemary,  Rosewood,  Sandalwood, Vetiver,  Ylang ylang.

Sample methods of use:
1).   Use as a massage oil.
2).   Use in an oil burner.
3).   Use in a warm bath.
4).   Use as a warm compress, place on forehead or on back of neck.
 

FATIGUE:
Basil,  Cinnamon,  Citronella,  Clary sage,  Eucalyptus,  Grapefruit, Jasmine,   Lavender,  Lemongrass,  Mint( peppermint & spearmint), Patchouli,  Pine,  Rosemary,  Sage,  Vetiver,  Ylang ylang.

Sample methods of use:
1).   Use as a massage oil.
2).   Use in a warm bath.
3).   Use in an oil burner.
 

INSOMNIA:
Basil,  Chamomile,  Lavender,  Mandarin,  Marjoram,  Neroli,  Rose, Sandalwood,  Valerian,  Vetiver,  Ylang ylang.

Sample methods of use:
1).   Use in an oil burner.
2).   Use in a warm bath.
3).   Use as a massage oil.
 

ANXIETY:
Basil,  Bergamot,  Cedarwood,  Frankincense,  Geranium,  Jasmine,  Juniper, Lavender,  Neroli,  Rose, Ylang ylang.

Sample methods of use:
1).   Use in an oil burner.
2).   Use in a warm bath.
3).   Use as a massage oil.
4).   Inhalation directly from the bottle.
5).  If suffer from anxiety attacks, carry tissue with drops of oil,  inhale as required.
 

DEPRESSION:
Basil,  Bergamot,  Clary sage,  Grapefruit,  Jasmine,  Lavender,  Neroli, Rose,  Sandalwood,  Vetiver, Ylang ylang.

Sample methods of use:
1).   Use in an oil burner.
2).   Use in a warm bath.
3).   Use as a massage oil.
4).   Inhalation directly from the bottle.
 

NERVOUS EXHAUSTION:
Basil,  Cassie,  Cinnamon,  Citronella,  Clary sage,  Eucalyptus, Grapefruit,  Jasmine,  Lavender, Lemongrass,  Mint (peppermint & spearmint),  Patchouli,  Petitgrain,  Pine,
Rosemary,  Sage,  Vetiver, Ylang ylang.

sample methods of use:
1).   Use in an oil burner.
2).   Use in a warm bath.
3).   Use as a massage oil.
4).   Use as a foot bath.